Keys have been an essential part of human history, evolving alongside technology and design to protect valuables, secure homes, and keep secrets. From the ornate skeleton keys of the Victorian era to the specialized flat keys used for clocks and sewing machine cabinets, each type of key tells a story about the time and purpose it was designed for. In this blog post, we’ll explore the history and styles of keys, as well as provide a glossary of key terms to help you identify and appreciate these fascinating objects.

A Brief History of Keys

The concept of keys dates back thousands of years to ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, where the earliest locks and keys were made of wood. By the Roman era, metal keys began to appear, offering greater durability and security. The Industrial Revolution brought significant advancements in lock-making, leading to the creation of more intricate and reliable keys. Over time, keys became not only functional but also decorative, reflecting the styles and craftsmanship of their respective eras.

Styles of Keys

1. Skeleton Keys
   • Description: Skeleton keys are long, slender keys with a single flat bit or blade. They are designed to open multiple locks of a similar type.
   • Era: Common from the 18th to early 20th century.
   • Uses: Often associated with Victorian homes, furniture, and interior doors.
2. Flat Keys
   • Description: Thin, flat keys with a series of notches or grooves that correspond to a specific lock mechanism.
   • Era: Introduced during the late 19th century and widely used in the 20th century.
   • Uses: Frequently found in cabinets, desks, padlocks, and more modern locks.
3. Barrel Keys
   • Description: Hollow, tubular keys with a bit at the end that fits into a corresponding pin mechanism.
   • Era: Popular from the 17th to 19th centuries.
   • Uses: Often used in clock winding mechanisms and some antique furniture.
4. Clock Keys
   • Description: Specialized barrel keys or flat keys designed for winding antique clocks.
   • Era: Widely used from the 18th to 20th century.
   • Uses: Essential for keeping mantle clocks, grandfather clocks, and other timepieces running.
5. Sewing Machine Cabinet Keys
   • Description: Small, flat keys or barrel keys designed to lock and unlock vintage sewing machine cabinets.
   • Era: Common during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
   • Uses: Protects access to sewing machines and their storage compartments.
6. Bit Keys
   • Description: Keys with a solid shaft and a bit at the end, often intricately cut.
   • Era: Popular in medieval and early modern times.
   • Uses: Used for large doors, gates, and early chests.

Glossary of Key Terms

1. Barrel Key: A hollow, tubular key often used in antique locks and mechanisms.
2. Bit: The part of a key that interacts with the lock mechanism to unlock it.
3. Bow: The handle or loop at the top of the key, often decorative.
4. Flat Key: A thin, notched key designed for modern locks.
5. Keyhole Escutcheon: A decorative plate surrounding the keyhole to protect the surface and add style.
6. Skeleton Key: A versatile key designed to open multiple locks with similar mechanisms.
7. Ward: The internal obstruction in a lock that prevents the wrong key from turning.
8. Tumbler: A movable component inside a lock that prevents it from opening without the correct key.
9. Master Key: A key designed to open multiple locks within a system.
10. Lever Lock: A type of lock mechanism often found in antique furniture.

Collecting and Caring for Antique Keys

Antique keys are highly collectible due to their craftsmanship and historical significance. If you’re interested in collecting or using antique keys, here are some tips:

• Research: Learn about different styles and their historical contexts to identify and appreciate unique pieces.
• Preservation: Clean keys gently with a soft cloth and avoid abrasive methods that could damage their patina.
• Display: Consider framing your collection or using shadow boxes to showcase the intricate designs.

Unlock a World of History

Keys are more than just tools; they are symbols of security, craftsmanship, and history. From the delicate curves of a skeleton key to the practicality of a flat key, each piece reflects the ingenuity of its time. Whether you’re restoring antique furniture or building a collection, understanding the history and styles of keys adds depth to your appreciation for these fascinating artifacts.

Looking for antique keys to complete your collection or restoration project? Explore our curated selection of vintage and antique keys on our website. Let us help you unlock a piece of history!

The Russell & Erwin Manufacturing Company, established in 1839 in New Britain, Connecticut, stands as a testament to American industrial innovation in the 19th century. Founded by Henry E. Russell, Cornelius B. Erwin, and Frederick T. Stanley, the company initially operated under the name Stanley, Russell & Company, focusing on the production of locks and builder’s hardware. Just one year later, after Frederick T. Stanley withdrew, the company became Matteson, Russell & Company, reflecting a new partnership with Smith Matteson and John H. Bowen. In 1846, following Matteson’s death, the company adopted the name Russell & Erwin, and by 1851, it reorganized as the Russell & Erwin Manufacturing Company.

Product Innovation and Expansion

Russell & Erwin earned acclaim for its extensive range of hardware products, including padlocks, door locks, and various builder’s hardware. The company was particularly noted for its innovative designs during the Victorian era, producing some of the most creative hardware pieces of that time.

Mergers and Legacy

In 1902, Russell & Erwin merged with P. & F. Corbin to form the American Hardware Corporation, a move that consolidated their market presence and expanded their product offerings. Despite the merger, the Russell & Erwin name continued to be used on their products. Over the years, other brand names like American Hardware and Russwin were also used in conjunction with the Russell & Erwin name.

By 1964, the division separated and was purchased by Emhart Manufacturing, operating under the name Russwin. Today, the Russwin name lives on as part of Corbin Russwin, which operates under the ownership of ASSA ABLOY, a global leader in door opening solutions. ASSA ABLOY acquired Corbin Russwin in 2000, ensuring that the legacy of Russell & Erwin continues to influence modern hardware manufacturing.

Discover Russell & Erwin Hardware Today

At Salvage Antiques Vintage Etc., we are proud to offer a selection of authentic Russell & Erwin hardware, as well as pieces from the Russwin brand. Whether you’re looking for a specific piece to complete a restoration or simply appreciate the beauty of antique craftsmanship, we’re here to help.

Explore our collection of Russell & Erwin hardware and more on our Russell & Erwin page. Preserve a piece of history and bring timeless charm to your next project.

Antique cabinet pulls and knobs are not just functional—they’re an essential design element that can enhance the character and authenticity of cabinets in kitchens, bathrooms, and furniture. Whether you’re restoring a historic piece or adding vintage charm to modern cabinets, understanding the various types, finishes, and styles will help you choose the perfect hardware. Here’s a comprehensive guide to antique cabinet pulls and knobs.

Types of Antique Cabinet Pulls and Knobs

1. Knobs
   • Description: Round or oval in shape, knobs are the simplest type of cabinet hardware, attached with a single screw.
   • Common Materials: Brass, porcelain, glass, wood, and cast iron.
   • Usage: Knobs are versatile and can be used on doors or drawers, offering a subtle yet elegant look.
2. Pulls
   • Description: Pulls feature a bar or handle design, often attached with two screws.
   • Types of Pulls:
     • Cup/Bin Pulls: Shallow, curved pulls typically found on drawers in kitchens or desks.
     • Drop Pulls: Hanging pulls with a pivot point, often used on furniture like dressers or cabinets.
     • Bail Pulls: A U-shaped pull attached to a backplate or rosette, commonly found on antique dressers.
   • Common Materials: Brass, cast iron, bronze, and sometimes ceramic or glass.
3. Backplates
   • Description: Decorative plates placed behind knobs or pulls to protect the surface and enhance the design.
   • Usage: Backplates add an extra layer of detail, especially in ornate or formal styles.

Popular Antique Finishes

1. Polished Brass
   • Description: Shiny and reflective, polished brass has a timeless and luxurious look.
   • Best For: Formal and traditional styles, such as Victorian or Georgian designs.
2. Aged Brass/Antique Brass
   • Description: Brass with a patina that gives it a warm, muted appearance, highlighting its age.
   • Best For: Rustic, farmhouse, or Arts and Crafts styles.
3. Oil-Rubbed Bronze
   • Description: A deep, dark finish with a slightly oily sheen, ideal for adding warmth and depth.
   • Best For: Mission, Craftsman, or industrial styles.
4. Cast Iron
   • Description: Durable with a matte, rough texture that adds a rugged and authentic feel.
   • Best For: Industrial, farmhouse, or Gothic styles.
5. Glass and Porcelain
   • Description: Smooth and colorful finishes often found in vintage or early 20th-century hardware.
   • Best For: Art Deco, Victorian, or retro designs.
6. Nickel and Pewter
   • Description: Cool-toned finishes with a soft, satin sheen, providing a subtle modern look.
   • Best For: Art Nouveau, Art Deco, or transitional styles.

Hardware Styles

1. Victorian
   • Characteristics: Ornate, intricate details with floral and scroll motifs.
   • Common Materials: Brass, porcelain, glass.
   • Best For: Restoring historic homes or creating a formal, elegant look.
2. Arts and Crafts/Mission
   • Characteristics: Simple, functional designs emphasizing craftsmanship and natural materials.
   • Common Materials: Bronze, cast iron, or aged brass.
   • Best For: Rustic and Craftsman-style interiors.
3. Art Deco
   • Characteristics: Bold geometric patterns, vibrant colors, and streamlined designs.
   • Common Materials: Glass, chrome, or nickel.
   • Best For: Vintage-inspired or retro spaces.
4. Colonial
   • Characteristics: Simple, sturdy designs inspired by early American craftsmanship.
   • Common Materials: Iron, pewter, or brass.
   • Best For: Traditional and historic homes.
5. Mid-Century Modern
   • Characteristics: Sleek and minimalist with clean lines.
   • Common Materials: Wood, nickel, and brass.
   • Best For: Modern and transitional spaces.

Choosing the Right Antique Cabinet Hardware

1. Match the Style
   • Consider the architectural style of your home or furniture. For example, Victorian hardware suits formal spaces, while Mission hardware is perfect for Craftsman homes.
2. Complement the Material
   • Brass, bronze, and glass are great choices for historic authenticity. Cast iron and pewter work well in rustic or industrial spaces.
3. Balance Function and Design
   • Ensure that the size and placement of the hardware are practical for everyday use while adding the desired decorative effect.
4. Don’t Overlook the Details
   • Backplates and decorative screws can add extra charm to even the simplest knobs or pulls.

Caring for Antique Cabinet Hardware

To preserve the beauty and functionality of antique cabinet hardware:

• Clean Gently: Use a mild soap and water solution, avoiding harsh chemicals that may damage the finish or patina.
• Polish Brass Carefully: If polishing, use a non-abrasive brass polish and avoid removing the aged patina unless desired.
• Protect Against Corrosion: Apply a thin coat of wax or sealant to protect metal finishes from moisture.

Antique cabinet pulls and knobs are the perfect way to add history and character to any space. Whether you’re restoring a historic home or updating a modern one, the right hardware can make all the difference. Explore our collection of antique and vintage cabinet hardware here and let us help you find the perfect pieces for your project!

Understanding antique door and window hardware can feel overwhelming if you’re unfamiliar with the terminology. Whether you’re restoring a historic home, working on a design project, or simply fascinated by vintage pieces, knowing the correct terms can make it much easier to find and appreciate these treasures. Here’s a helpful glossary of common antique door and window hardware terms to guide you through the basics.

Door Hardware Terms

Backplate/Face Plate: A decorative metal plate that sits behind a doorknob or lever. Backplates often feature intricate designs and protect the door from wear.

Rosette: A small, circular or oval plate that surrounds a doorknob or lever. Rosettes are often simpler than backplates but serve the same protective function.

Escutcheon: A plate or cover surrounding a keyhole to protect the door and add a decorative element. Some escutcheons include a flap to cover the keyhole.

Keyhole Cover: Also called an escutcheon, this piece surrounds and protects the keyhole, sometimes with a hinged cover for added security.

Mortise Lock: A type of lock installed inside a pocket (or mortise) cut into the edge of the door. Mortise locks are common in older homes and are prized for their durability and craftsmanship.

Rim Lock: A surface-mounted lock fixed to the door’s interior side. Rim locks were popular in the 18th and 19th centuries and often feature a keyhole and latch.

Strike Plate: A metal plate affixed to the door frame, designed to guide and secure the latch or bolt when the door is closed.

Latch: A mechanism that secures the door when it’s pushed or pulled shut, often operated by a doorknob or lever.

Knob Set: A pair of doorknobs (one for each side of the door) connected by a spindle, often accompanied by matching backplates or rosettes.

Hinge: A pivoting mechanism that allows the door to open and close. Antique hinges, such as ball-tip or finial hinges, often feature decorative details.

Window Hardware Terms

Sash Lock: A locking mechanism that secures a window sash in a closed position. Sash locks are commonly found on double-hung windows.

Sash Lift: A handle or pull mounted on the bottom of a window sash to help lift or lower the window.

Window Stay: A bar or rod used to hold a window open at a specific angle. These were especially common on casement windows.

Casement Fastener: A latch mechanism used to secure casement windows. These often feature elegant, curved designs in antique versions.

Pulley: A small wheel mounted in the window frame, used as part of the counterweight system for double-hung windows.

Counterweight: A weight hidden inside the window frame, attached to the sash by a cord and pulley system, allowing smooth opening and closing of the window.

Shutter Dog: A decorative or functional piece of hardware used to hold window shutters open. Many antique shutter dogs feature ornate shapes like scrolls or stars.

General Terms

Patina: The natural aging and wear on metal hardware, often adding character and authenticity to antique pieces.

Finish: The surface treatment or coating on hardware, such as brass, bronze, nickel, or iron. Antique finishes can range from polished and shiny to weathered and matte.

Antique door and window hardware is more than just functional; it’s a piece of history that adds character and charm to any space. Whether you’re restoring a historic property or creating a vintage-inspired look, knowing these terms will help you make informed choices and appreciate the craftsmanship of the past.

If you’re looking for authentic antique hardware, visit our online store or stop by our shop in Florence, Colorado. We’re here to help you find the perfect pieces for your project!

Cleaning antique hardware is an essential step in restoring its beauty and functionality, but the process you use depends on the hardware’s condition and the desired final look. Whether you’re dealing with layers of paint, rust, or tarnish, there are effective methods to bring antique hardware back to life while preserving its historic charm.

Step 1: Assess the Condition

Before diving in, examine the condition of your hardware. Is it covered in paint? Rust? Or does it simply need polishing? Your cleaning method will vary based on these factors and the type of material—whether it’s brass, iron, or another metal.

Removing Paint from Antique Hardware

Hardware covered in layers of old paint can often be salvaged with ease:

1. Boiling Method: Place the hardware in a crockpot or a pot on the stove filled with water. Heat the water until the paint loosens.
2. Peeling and Brushing: Once the paint is softened, carefully peel it off. Use wire brushes and steel wool to clean off any remaining residue. This method is gentle and effective for preserving the details of antique hardware.

Removing Rust from Antique Hardware

Rusty hardware may need a more robust approach:

1. Wire Wheels: Attach wire wheels of varying grit and hardness to a drill or rotary tool. These quickly remove rust and prepare the surface for further cleaning.
2. Sandblasting: For heavily rusted pieces, a sandblaster can remove rust thoroughly. Sand, walnut shells, or glass beads can be used as the blasting medium, depending on the desired finish.
3. Vibratory Tumblers: For smaller pieces, a vibratory tumbler with an appropriate medium can clean and polish the hardware efficiently.

Polishing Brass Hardware

If your hardware is solid brass, you can restore its original shine using buffing compounds and wheels:

1. Buffing Compounds: Use a progression of compounds from coarse to fine to remove tarnish and bring back a brilliant shine of your antique hardware.
2. Buffing Wheels: Attach buffing wheels to a drill or bench grinder to polish the brass evenly.
3. Preserve the Patina: If you prefer a more aged look, stop polishing before removing all the natural patina. This keeps the hardware’s character intact.

Our Approach to Cleaning Antique Hardware

At Salvage Antiques Vintage Etc., we aim to clean each piece to a point where all paint, rust, and grime are removed, but the original patina and character remain. We understand that the beauty of antique hardware lies in its history, and preserving its age-worn charm is just as important as restoring its functionality.

Whether it’s a brass doorknob, iron hinge, or decorative plate, we carefully restore each piece of hardware so it’s ready to be used and appreciated for years to come.

American hardware manufacturing has a rich history, with numerous companies establishing themselves as leaders in innovation, craftsmanship, and quality. These brands have left an indelible mark on the architectural and design world, producing iconic pieces that continue to be sought after for restoration, remodeling, and design projects. Below is an overview of key American hardware brands, showcasing their contributions and significance in the industry:

1. Amerock Hardware: Known for blending functionality and style, Amerock specializes in decorative hardware and has been a staple in American homes for decades. Their designs range from classic to contemporary, making them a versatile choice for any project.
2. Barrows Lock Works: A pioneer in lock manufacturing, Barrows Lock Works has contributed to the evolution of secure and reliable locking mechanisms, with designs that reflect historic American craftsmanship.
3. Branford Lock Works: Renowned for intricate detailing, Branford Lock Works produced some of the most ornate and durable hardware, often found in high-end restoration projects.
4. Chicago Hardware: Focused on industrial and architectural hardware, Chicago Hardware exemplifies durability and innovation, catering to both functional and aesthetic needs.
5. Clinton Lock: Established as a key player in lock manufacturing, Clinton Lock Company combined artistry with utility, producing a wide range of locks and builders’ hardware.
6. Corbin Hardware: A trusted name in door locks and hardware, Corbin remains synonymous with reliability and design excellence, often used in historic and modern restoration projects.
7. Gilbert Lock: Gilbert Lock Company produced timeless pieces of hardware, recognized for their unique designs and commitment to quality craftsmanship.
8. J. Chesler and Sons: With a focus on ornamental hardware, J. Chesler and Sons offered products that combined beauty with durability, perfect for high-end architectural applications.
9. Keeler Brass Company: Known for exquisite brass hardware, Keeler has been a leading name in decorative and functional designs, catering to furniture and architectural needs.
10. Lockwood Hardware Manufacturing Company: Specializing in locks and builders’ hardware, Lockwood became synonymous with innovation and precision engineering in the American hardware industry.
11. Mallory Wheeler: Famous for their ornate and high-quality locks, Mallory Wheeler’s pieces remain highly sought after by collectors and restorers alike.
12. Norwalk Lock Company: A key manufacturer of locks and builders’ hardware, Norwalk Lock Company combined innovation with classic American design.
13. Norwich Lock Company: Known for producing a wide range of padlocks and builders’ hardware, Norwich Lock Company emphasized durability and functionality.
14. Pexto: Renowned for their tools and hardware, Pexto became a trusted name in both industrial and household applications.
15. Reading Hardware Company: Celebrated for its ornate Victorian-era designs, Reading Hardware Company offered exquisite hardware that elevated architectural details.
16. Russell and Erwin (Russwin): A major name in locks and hardware, Russell and Erwin merged functionality with decorative appeal, creating timeless pieces.
17. Sargent Manufacturing: Known for precision and innovation, Sargent Manufacturing produced a wide range of locks and hardware solutions tailored to both security and design.
18. Stanley: A household name in tools and hardware, Stanley stands for durability and practicality, offering solutions for builders and restorers alike.
19. Taylor Boggis Foundry: This foundry contributed high-quality cast-iron and brass hardware, known for its robust designs and elegant details.
20. Chantrell Hardware and Tool Company: A name associated with precision tools and builders’ hardware, Chantrell embodied craftsmanship and innovation.
21. Yale & Towne: As one of the largest and most well-known manufacturers of locks, Yale & Towne revolutionized the industry with groundbreaking designs and technology.

These American hardware manufacturers represent the rich heritage of innovation, craftsmanship, and functionality. They are the foundation of many restoration projects today, offering timeless designs that blend beauty with utility. Explore our product pages to discover authentic antique hardware from these iconic brands, perfect for restoring or enhancing your space.